Technology

Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, etc. or it can be embedded in machines, computers, devices and factories, which can be operated by individuals without detailed knowledge of the workings of such things.

The human species' use of technology began with the c

onversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistoric discovery of how to control fire and the later Neolithic Revolution increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment. Developments in historic times, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. The steady progress of military technologyhas brought weapons of ever-increasing destructive power, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

Technology has many effects. It has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of Earth'senvironment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of humanproductivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms.

Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism,anarcho-primitivism, and similar reactionary movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, arguing that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such astranshumanism and techno-progressivismview continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition.

Until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but 21st century scientific studies indicate that other primatesand certain dolphin communities have developed simple tools and passed their knowledge to other generations.

Computers

Sixty-five years ago,scientists called the frist computer 'Baby'.But it was huge.It needed a whole room to itself!A team of people worote three Maths problems and then waited 52 minutes for Baby to find the answer to just one of them.At the time,this was amazing.
Computers are now both much smaller,don't forget your smartphone is a mini comp

uter,and also more pawerful.Ther is more power in a smartpohne than  in all the computers on Apollo 11,the frist spacecraft on the moon!What's more,with new touchscreen technology,soon we won't need extra things like a keyboard or a mouse.So,how will computers change in the futures?A computer's 'brain' is in its chip and in the future  scientists will be  able to save  much more information on this.So,computers will be smaller  and even more powerful and they may even think like humans .In the future,we may not need to  tell computers what to do bascause they might decide for themselves.
FACT!Need a new hip,knee or face?Doctors can now use 3D printers to make some parts of the body.

Toshiba

Toshiba Corporation Kabushiki-gaisha Tōshiba, English(commonly referred to as Toshiba, stylized asTOSHIBA) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include information technology and communications equipment and systems, electronic components and materials, power systems, industrial and social infrastructure systems, consumer electronics, household appliances, medical equipment, office equipment, lighting and logistics.

Toshiba was founded in 1938 as Tokyo Shibaura Electric K.K. through the merger of Shibaura Seisaku-sho (founded in 1875) and Tokyo Denki (founded in 1890). The company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. Toshiba made a large number of corporate acquisitions during its history, including of Semp in 1977, of Westinghouse Electric LLC, a nuclear energy company in 2006,of Landis+Gyr in 2011, and of IBM's point-of-sale business in 2012.

Toshiba is organised into four business groupings: the Digital Products Group, the Electronic Devices Group, the Home Appliances Group and the Social Infrastructure Group. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX indices, theOsaka Securities Exchange and the Nagoya Stock Exchange. Toshiba is the seventh largest semiconductor maker in the world by revenue.

BlackBerry

BlackBerry is a line of smartphones and services designed and marketed byBlackBerry Limitwued (formerly known as Research In Motion/RIM).The very first RIM device was the Inter@ctive Pager 900, aclamshell-type device that allowed two-way paging, announced on September 18, 1996.After the success of the 900, the Inter@ctive Pager 800 was created for IBM, which bought US$10 million worth of them on February 4, 1998.The next device to be released was the Inter@ctive Pager 950, on August 26, 1998. The very first device to carry the BlackBerry name was the BlackBerry 850, an email pager, released January 19, 1999. Although identical in appearance to the 950, the 850 was the first device to integrate email and the name Inter@ctive Pager was no longer used to brand the device.

BlackBerry devices can record video, take photos, play music and also provide functions such as web browsing, email, instant messaging, and the multi-platform BlackBerry Messenger service. The BlackBerry line traditionally used proprietary operating systems developed by BlackBerry Limited known as BlackBerry OS. In 2013, BlackBerry introduced BlackBerry 10, a major revamp of the platform based on QNX operating system. BlackBerry 10 was meant to replace the aging BlackBerry OS platform with a new system that was more in line with the user experiences of modern smartphone operating systems. The first BB10 powered device was the BlackBerry Z10, which was followed by other all-touch and keyboard-equipped models; including the BlackBerry Q10,BlackBerry Classic, BlackBerry Passport, and the BlackBerry Leap.

BlackBerry was considered one of the major smartphone vendors in the world, specializing in secure communications and mobile productivity. At its peak in September 2013, there were 85 million BlackBerry subscribers worldwide.However, BlackBerry has since lost its dominant position in the market due to the success of the Android and iOS platforms; the same numbers had fallen to 23 million in March 2016.

In 2015, BlackBerry re-focused its business strategy and began to release Android-based smartphones, beginning with the BlackBerry Priv slider and then the BlackBerry DTEK50. However, BlackBerry COO Marty Beard told Bloomberg that "The company’s never said that we would not build another BB10 device."

On September 28, 2016, Blackberry announced it will stop designing its own phones.Plus it has made a first licensing partnership with Indonesian company to set up a new joint venture company called "BB Merah Putih". Indonesia is the biggest market for BlackBerry devices and will make the devices in Indonesia.

PlayStation

PlayStation is a series of video game consoles created and owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The brand was first introduced on December 3, 1994 in Japanwith the launch of the original PlayStation console.It now consists of four home consoles, as well as a media center, an online service, a line of controllers, two handheldsand a phone, as well as multiple magazines.

The original console in the series, the PlayStation, was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch.Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home consoleto date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012.Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013.Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.

The first handheld game console in the PlayStation series, sold a total of 80 million units worldwide by November 2013.Its successor, the PlayStation Vita, which launched in Japan on December 17, 2011 and in most other major territories in February 2012, had sold over 4 million units by January 2013.PlayStation TV is a microconsole and a non-portable variant of the PlayStation Vita handheld game console.Other hardware released as part of the PlayStation series includes the PSX, a digital video recorderwhich was integrated with the PlayStation and PlayStation 2, though it was short lived due to its high price and was never released outside Japan, as well as a Sony Bravia television set which has an integrated PlayStation 2. The main series of controllers utilized by the PlayStation series is the DualShock, which is a line of vibration-feedback gamepad having sold 28 million controllers as of June 28, 2008.

The PlayStation Network is an online service with over 110 million users worldwide (as of July 2013).It comprises an online virtual market, the PlayStation Store, which allows the purchase and download of games and various forms of multimedia, a subscription-based online service known as PlayStation Plus and a social gaming networking service called PlayStation Home, which had over 41 million users worldwide at the time of its closure in March 2015.PlayStation Mobile(formerly PlayStation Suite) is a software framework that provides PlayStation content on mobile devices. Version 1.xx supports both PlayStation Vita, PlayStation TV and certain devices that run the Android operating system, whereas version 2.00 released in 2014 would only target PlayStation Vita and (optionally) PlayStation TV.Content set to be released under the framework consist of only original PlayStation games currently.

7th generation PlayStation products also use the XrossMediaBar, which is an award-winning graphical user interface.A new touch screen-based user interface calledLiveArea was launched for the PlayStation Vita, which integrates social networking elements into the interface. Additionally,PlayStation 2 and original PlayStation 3consoles also featured support for Linux-based operating systems, though this has since been discontinued. The series has also been known for its numerous marketing campaigns, the latest of which being the "Greatness Awaits" commercials in the United States.

The series also has a strong line-up of first-party titles due to Sony Interactive Entertainment Worldwide Studios, a group of fifteen first-party developers owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment which are dedicated to developing first-party games for the series. In addition, the series features various budget re-releases of titles by Sony with different names for each region; these include theGreatest Hits, Platinum, Essentials, Favorites and The Best ranges of titles.

Our Future

E-society

What are you going to do today?Perhaps you'll email your friends, watch a DVD or listen to your MP3 player.It's likely that sometime soon you're going to surf the Net. Today, we take new technology for garanted, so you may be surprised to learn that 50% of the people in the world have still never even used a telephone!

There is a new gap between those who have access to new technology and those who don't.It is called the 'Digital Devide'.The truth is that fewer than 17% of the people in the world can actually use the Internet.

To go online, you need a computer, the right software, a phone line, a modem and a subscription to an Internet service provider.These aren't cheap and a lot of people, especially in poor countries, just can't afford them.
Then there's the language barrier. Four-fifths of all websites are in English and many people around the world cannot even read or write in their own language, let alone a foreign language.If people can't read, it will be hard to teach them how to use a computer.
The technology gap also exists simply because many people do not understand how  technology can help them.They have an old-fashioned way of thinking and cannot imagine the difference technology will make to their lives.
Education is the key.  Goverments,   IT industries and educational institutions should work together to educate people and train them and at computer usage.When we bridge the digital divide, then everyone will have equal opportunities and the power that technology brings.

Facts

• Only 3.6% of nearly a billion people in Africa have Internet access.
• 0.1% of these have broadband.
• Almost 70% of the people in North America have Internet access.
• Africa, parts of Asia, South America and the Middle East are the least connected.
• 77% of the world's population has access to a mobile phone network.

56.5% of the world's population live in Asia, but only 10% of them have internet access.             

Nokia

Nokia Corporation, stylised as NOKIA, is a Finnishmultinational communications andinformation technology company, founded in 1865. Nokia is headquartered in Espoo,Uusimaa, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area.In 2014, Nokia employed 61,656 people across 120 countries, did business in more than 150 countries and reported annual revenues of around €12.73 billion.Nokia is apublic limited-liability company listed on theHelsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange.It is the world's 274th-largest company measured by 2013 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500.The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50stock market index.

The company has had various industries in its 151-year history, originally founded as a pulp mill, and currently focuses on large-scaletelecommunications infrastructures, and technology development and licensing.Nokia is also a major contributor to themobile telephony industry, having assisted in development of the GSM and LTE standards, and was, for a period, the largest vendor ofmobile phones in the world. Nokia's dominance also extended into thesmartphone industry through its Symbianplatform, but was soon overshadowed by competitors. Nokia eventually entered into a pact with Microsoft in 2011 to exclusively use its Windows Phone platform on future smartphones. Its mobile phone business was eventually bought by Microsoft in an overall deal totaling $7.17 billion.Stephen Elop, Nokia's former CEO, and several other executives joined the new Microsoft Mobilesubsidiary of Microsoft as part of the deal, which was completed on 25 April 2014.

Since the sale of its mobile phone business, Nokia began to focus more extensively on its telecommunications infrastructure business, marked by the divestiture of its Here Mapsdivision, its foray in virtual reality, and the acquisitions of French telecommunications company Alcatel-Lucent and digital health maker Withings in 2016.From late 2016, Nokia's name will return to the mobile phone market through HMD global

.

Sony

Sony Corporation  Sonī Kabushiki Gaisha, commonly referred to asSony and stylized as SONY ) is aJapanese multinational conglomeratecorporation headquartered in Kōnan, Minato,Tokyo, Japan.Its diversified business includes consumer and professionalelectronics, gaming, entertainment andfinancial services.The company is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets.Sony is ranked 116th on the 2015 list of Fortune Global 500.

Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components – electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services.These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment,Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, afterSamsung Electronics, LG Electronics andTCL.

The Sony Group Sonī Gurūpu^?) is a Japan-based corporate groupprimarily focused on the Electronics (such as AV/IT products and components), Game (such as the PlayStation), Entertainment (such as motion pictures and music) and Financial Services (such as insurance and banking) sectors. The group consists of Sony Corporation (holding and electronics), Sony Interactive Entertainment (games), Sony Pictures Entertainment (motion pictures),Sony Music Entertainment (music), Sony/ATV Music Publishing (music publishing), Sony Financial Holdings (financial services) andothers.

The company's current slogan is BE MOVED. Their former slogans were make.believe(2009–2014), like.no.other (2005–2009) andIt's a Sony (1980–2002).

Sony has a weak tie to the SMFG keiretsu,the successor to the Mitsui keiretsu.

Samsung

Samsung ; Korean pronunciation:is a South Koreanmultinational conglomerate companyheadquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul.It comprises numerous subsidiaries and affiliated businesses,most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the largest South Korean chaebol (business conglomerate).

Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three decades, the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities and retail. Samsung entered theelectronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lee's death in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group,Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and HansolGroup. Since 1990s, Samsung has increasingly globalized its activities and electronics, particularly mobile phones and semiconductors, have become its most important source of income.

Notable Samsung industrial subsidiaries include Samsung Electronics (the world's largest information technology companymeasured by 2012 revenues, and 4th in market value),Samsung Heavy Industries(the world's 2nd-largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues),and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T (respectively the world's 13th and 36th-largest construction companies).Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance (the world's 14th-largest life insurance company),Samsung Everland (operator of Everland Resort, the oldest theme park in South Korea)and Cheil Worldwide (the world's 15th-largest advertising agency measured by 2012 revenues).

Samsung has a powerful influence on South Korea's economic development, politics, media and culture and has been a major driving force behind the "Miracle on the Han River".Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Korea's total exports.Samsung's revenue was equal to 17% of South Korea's $1,082 billion GDP.

history of computer

The history of computer science began long before the modern discipline of computer science that emerged in the 20th century, and was hinted at in the centuries prior.The progression, from mechanical inventions and mathematicaltheories towards modern computer concepts and machines, led to a major academic field and the basis of a massive worldwide industry.

The earliest known tool for use in computation was the abacus, developed in the period between 2700–2300 BCE inSumer.The Sumerians' abacus consisted of a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.^:11 Its original style of usage was by lines drawn in sand with pebbles .Abaci of a more modern design are still used as calculation tools today.

The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer.It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greekisland of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to c. 100 BCE. Technological artifacts of similar complexity did not reappear until the 14th century, when mechanical astronomical clocks appeared inEurope.

When John Napier discovered logarithms for computational purposes in the early 17th century,there followed a period of considerable progress by inventors and scientists in making calculating tools. In 1623Wilhelm Schickard designed a calculating machine, but abandoned the project, when the prototype he had started building was destroyed by a fire in 1624 .

Around 1640, Blaise Pascal, a leading French mathematician, constructed a mechanical adding device based on a design described byGreek mathematician Hero of Alexandria.Then in 1672 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnizinvented the Stepped Reckoner which he completed in 1694.

In 1837 Charles Babbage first described hisAnalytical Engine which is accepted as the first design for a modern computer. The analytical engine had expandable memory, an arithmetic unit, and logic processing capabilities able to interpret a programming language with loops and conditional branching. Although never built, the design has been studied extensively and is understood to be Turing equivalent. The analytical engine would have had a memory capacity of less than 1 kilobyte of memory and a clock speed of less than 10 Hertz .

Considerable advancement in mathematics and electronics theory was required before the first modern computers could be designed.

Apple

Apple Inc. is an American multinationaltechnology company headquartered inCupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Its hardwareproducts include the iPhone smartphone, theiPad tablet computer

, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, theApple Watch smartwatch, and the Apple TVdigital media player. Apple's consumer software includes the macOS and iOSoperating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife andiWork creativity and productivity suites. Its online services include the iTunes Store, theiOS App Store and Mac App Store, and iCloud.

Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell personal computers.It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. in January 1977, and was renamed as Apple Inc. in January 2007 to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics. Apple joined the Dow Jones Industrial Average in March 2015.

Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue, the world's largest technology company by total assets,and the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer.In November 2014, in addition to being the largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$700 billion.The company employs 115,000 permanent full-time employees as of July 2015 and maintains 478 retail stores in seventeen countries as of March 2016.It operates the online Apple Store and iTunes Store, the latter of which is the world's largest music retailer. There are over one billion actively used Apple products worldwide as of March 2016.

Apple's worldwide annual revenue totaled $233 billion for the fiscal year ending in September 2015.This revenue generation accounts for approximately 1.25% of the totalUnited States GDP.The company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and, according toInterbrand's annual Best Global Brands report, has been the world's most valuable brand for 4 years in a row,with a valuation in 2016 of $178.1 billion.The corporationreceives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices, including the origins of source materials.

In August 2016, after a three-year investigation by the EU's competition commissioner that concluded that Apple received "illegal state aid" from Ireland, the EU ordered Apple to pay 13 billion euros ($14.5 billion), plus interest, in unpaid taxes.

Google

Google is an American multinationaltechnology company specializing in Internet-related services and products that includeonline advertising technologies, s

earch, cloud computing, and software.Most of its profits are derived from AdWords, an online advertising service that places advertising near the list of search r

esults.

Google was founded by Larry Page andSergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students atStanford University, California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.

In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its interests as a holding companycalled Alphabet Inc. When this restructuring took place on October 2, 2015, Google became Alphabet's leading subsidiary, as well as the parent for Google's Internet interests.

Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitionsand partnerships beyond Google's core search engine (Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Sheets and Slides), email(Gmail), scheduling and time management (Google Calendar), cloud storage (Google Drive), social networking (Google+), instant messaging and video chat (Google Allo/Duo/Hangouts), language translation(Google Translate), mapping and turn-by-turn navigation (Google Maps), video-sharing (YouTube), taking notes (Google Keep), organizing and editing photos (Google Photos), and a web browser (Google Chrome). The company leads the development of theAndroid mobile operating system and the browser-only Chrome OS for a class ofnetbooks known as Chromebooks anddesktop PCs known as Chromeboxes. Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its "high-quality low-cost"Nexus devices,and in October 2016, it launched multiple hardware products (theGoogle Pixel, Home, Wifi, and Daydream View),with new hardware chief Rick Osterloh stating that "a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience".In 2012, a fiber-optic infrastructure was installed in Kansas City to facilitate a Google Fiber broadband service.

Google has been estimated to run more than one million servers in data centers around the world (as of 2007).It processes over one billion search requests and about 24petabytes of user-generated data each day (as of 2009).In December 2013,Alexa listed Google.com as the most visited website in the world. Numerous Google sites in other languages figure in the top one hundred, as do several other Google-owned sites such as YouTube and Blogger.

Google's mission statement from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful," and its unofficial slogan was "Don't be evil". In October 2015, the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase: "Do the right thing".Google's commitment to such robust idealism has been increasingly been called into doubt due to a number of actions and behaviours which appear to contradict this.

Internet

This article is about the worldwide computer network. For other uses, see Internet.

Not to be confused with the World Wide Web.

Internet users per 100 population members andGDP per capita for selected countries.

Internet
An Opte Project visualization of routing pathsthrough a portion of the Internet
General[show]
Governance[show]
Information infrastructure[show]
Services[show]
Guides[show]
Internet portal
v t e

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite(TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web(WWW), electronic mail, newsgroups, voice over IP telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.

The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s. The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks.The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet,and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network. Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s, the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life.

Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world. In the 20 years since 1995, Internet use has grown 100-times, measured for the period of one year, to over one third of theworld population. Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging, web feeds and online news aggregators. The entertainment industry was initially the fastest growing segment on the Internet.The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs, as it enables firms to extend their "bricks and mortar" presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.

The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by 

Technology

Technology  is the collection of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, etc. or it can be embedded in machines, computers, devices and factories, which can be operated by individuals without detailed knowledge of the workings of such things.The human species' use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. Theprehistoric discovery of how to control fire and the later Neolithic Revolution increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment. Developments in historic times, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers tocommunication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. The steady progress of military technology has brought weapons of ever-increasing destructive power, from clubs to nuclear weapons.Technology has many effects. It has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of Earth's environment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms.Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar reactionary movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, arguing that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivismview continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition.
Until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but 21st century scientific studies indicate that other primatesand certain dolphin communities have developed simple tools and passed their knowledge to other generations.